Open heart surgery, specifically Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), is a surgical procedure used to improve blood flow to the heart muscle by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. During CABG, a surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body and grafts it onto the coronary artery, creating an alternate route for blood to flow to the heart.

Common signs and symptoms that may indicate the need for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG):

• Chest pain or angina, especially during physical activity or stress
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
• Swelling in the legs or abdomen
• Nausea or indigestion
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

When to Seek Medical Attention? It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if an individual experiences symptoms of a heart attack, such as severe chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or lightheadedness. Additionally, individuals with known risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) should undergo regular check-ups and consult a healthcare professional if they experience persistent or worsening symptoms.

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Causes: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of blockages in the coronary arteries, leading to the need for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG). CAD occurs when plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) narrows or blocks the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle.

Risk Factors: Several factors may increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) and requiring CABG:

• Age (risk increases with advancing age)
• Family history of heart disease
• High cholesterol levels
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Obesity or overweight
• Lack of physical activity
• Unhealthy diet rich in saturated fats and cholesterol

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Diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assessment of the need for CABG may involve:

• Coronary angiography (CAG): A diagnostic procedure to visualize the coronary arteries and identify blockages using contrast dye and X-ray imaging.
• Cardiac catheterization: An invasive procedure to measure blood flow and pressure within the heart chambers and coronary arteries.
• Blood tests: Including lipid profile (cholesterol levels), cardiac enzymes (troponin), and markers of inflammation to assess heart function and rule out other conditions.

Prevention: While not all risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) can be eliminated, certain lifestyle modifications and preventive measures can help reduce the risk of heart disease and the need for CABG:

• Adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium
• Regular physical activity and exercise
• Stop smoking
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Managing underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels
• Taking prescribed medications as directed by a healthcare provider, such as statins, blood pressure medications, and aspirin therapy when appropriate

Understanding the indications, risks, and preventive measures for CABG can help individuals make informed decisions about their heart health and reduce the likelihood of developing coronary artery disease.

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** Recovery time, prognosis, and success rate, May vary case to case basis because it depends upon multiple other factors also.